When one thinks of a British court, one often imagines judges and lawyers wearing a white horsehair wig. This tradition may seem surprising today, but it is deeply rooted in the history of the English judicial system.
Here are the historical and symbolic reasons behind this practice.
đ 1. A tradition dating back to the 17th century
- The use of wigs in England dates back to the time of King Charles II, around 1660, a period when the wig was a symbol of social status and elegance.
- Judges and lawyers adopted the wig to reflect their rank and authority.
- Over time, even though the fashion for wigs disappeared in society, it remained in the courts, becoming an institutional symbol.
âïž 2. Symbol of authority and neutrality
The English barristers' wig is not just a historical accessory; it also has a practical and symbolic meaning:
- Authority and solemnity: the wig creates a respectful and solemn atmosphere in the courtroom.
- Neutrality and anonymity: it partially "masks" the lawyer's individuality, making them a representative of justice rather than a mere individual.
- Historical continuity: it embodies the stability of British legal tradition, which is centuries old.
𧔠3. Different types of wigs according to function
- Barristers: wear shorter wigs, called tie wigs, covering only the back of the head.
- Judges: wear longer wigs, called full-bottom wigs, especially during ceremonies.
- Modern hearings: in some civil or family courts, the wearing of wigs has been eased or abolished to make justice less intimidating.
đ 4. A unique tradition in the world
- Very few countries continue this practice.
- Former British colonies (such as Australia or New Zealand) long maintained this tradition, sometimes still partially today.
đŻ Conclusion
The English barristers' wig is much more than an eccentric costume:
it is a symbol of history, authority, and continuity of British law. Even if some courts are modernizing their practices, this tradition endures as a mark of respect for justice.
